Rikshaw painting is a common form of art that depicts the history and essence of Bangladesh culture. This art form has undergone development through the transformation of painting techniques and the socio-political and cultural stories of Bangladesh through time.
Cultural Significance and Origin
In the 1950s, cheap rickshaws came into use in Bangladesh, and a wide variety of people began decorating rickshaw canvas rooftops to gain more customers. At that time, the art that was painted was essential, focused on flowers and fundamental strokes. On the other hand, as the rickshaws became more popular, the paintings became more elaborate. They even included pictures of actors in the Dhallywood movie industry and war-centered scenes when most artists began to visually represent trauma through their art, portraying the faces of war heroes and the injuries they suffered during World War Two, at the same time featuring the many graphic accounts of their struggles.
In the 1980s, rickshaw art started to evolve into a more local artifact that allowed the local communities to express their views and the relevance of the surrounding culture in rickshaw art. In Bangladesh, this art was no longer just an ornament but a testament to the rich cultural practices and traditions that made up the history and day days of the Bangladeshi communities. Apart from the film stars, it also encompassed religious and local scenery, thus turning itself into a mobile gallery of what it means to live in Bangladesh.
Artistic Techniques and Styles of Rickshaw Painting
Rickshaw riders usually have oil-colored paints, which are known for their intense vibrancy. Some of the standard colors that are used include green, red, and yellow, which are known to be quite luminous. Other colors can be used because when up close, the oil paints provide a distinct sheen that brings out a full scope of other colors to make the artwork stand out. The method entails free-hand painting with large strokes, which in some cases give an illusion of liveliness and movement. The rickshaw art is representative of the various regions of Bangladesh. For example, Dhaka's rickshaws portray popular culture. Still, the rickshaws in Chittagong are less focused on famous creations and tend to have more flower decorations.
Creating these artworks is a labor of love, often taking a rickshaw painting artist a week or more to complete a single painting. However, the rise of faster and cheaper alternatives like digital printing has posed a challenge. Yet, the resilience of these artists and the enduring appeal of hand-painted rickshaws offer hope for the future of this unique art form.
Cultural Importance
UNESCO announced rickshaw painting to be an intangible asset in 2023, depicting the gravity of rickshaws as a form of urban representation in Bangladesh[4]. This recognition not only appreciates the work of creativity put in but also broadens our understanding of its function to depict events of history in a visual form. Such art forms serve to communicate societal morals and dreams and thus are integral parts of Bangladeshi cultural heritage.
Rickshaw paintings have not only retained their cultural significance but have also found their way into modern fashion and interior design. The vibrant and intricate designs of rickshaw art now adorn clothing lines, such as saris and curtains, as designers have introduced this unique form of art to a wider audience. The local and international demand for home decor items, like cushions and wall paintings, featuring rickshaw designs continues to rise, further cementing the relevance and appeal of this traditional art form in the modern world.
Problems Rickshaw Artist Facing
Painting of rickshaws faces several problems in the current era. Original rickshaw painters' paintings have a history and culture behind them. However, the adoption of these digital prints has brought down the demand for painting the original ones by hand. Most artists need help to contact other customers who are willing to employ them at that cost when cheaper hand-painted rickshaw artwork substitutes are available [1][5]. Moreover, economically tricky times caused by pandemics like COVID-19 have interfered with the income sources of these artists [11].
Organizations like Pashe Achi Initiative and Shilpogram are playing a crucial role in revolutionizing the market. By connecting local painters with customers on different platforms, they are increasing the visibility of artists' works and creating new markets. This support system offers hope for those who want to continue their craft, ensuring the future of rickshaw painting.
Rickshaw painting is not just a form of art; it's a way of life for many in Bangladeshi society. It's a story, a tradition passed down from generation to generation. While modern challenges may threaten its existence, there is a slow evolution that points towards a positive future. As art enthusiasts, cultural historians, and individuals interested in Bangladeshi culture, your support for local artists and their works, whether it's on rickshaws or in home decoration, can help preserve this wonderful cultural legacy for future generations.
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